Nowadays researchers are paying due attention to climatic parameters in order to offer justifiable grouping for farm products cultivation areas. Accordingly, the influence of climatic factors has already been proven in regard with the regionalization of vineyards. Although the temperature parameter has been emphasized so far, it seems that relying on single-parameter techniques has not been such effective in regionalization. Based on such an assumption from quantities of monthly minimum temperature, maximum temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, mean wind speed, and besides amount Penman potential evapotranspiriation in 45 synoptic stations of Iran in January-September from 1985-2005 that according SCI. Organization site were grape-growing regions, 3 index "Huglin's heliothermal, cool night, potential water balance index of Riou" have been calculated. These indices are representative of variability of viticultural climate of Iran. Then 16 climatic groups of grape-cultivation areas were identified using Tonietto and Carbonneau (2004) technique and their specifications were studied. Central and eastern regions of Iran were included in the hot region with hot nights and high aridity; while other regions enjoyed climatic variations. Based on the patterns introduced in this paper, it is possible identify new areas with higher potential for grouping grapes and achieving the highest yield in production, using different varieties of the cultivated grapes in different climatic areas.

Climate classification is a description of the climatic conditions of an area, which is mostly used in conversations climate classification inethods that have been traditionally ised in the past (include the Koppen, de Martonne, Emberger, etc.). that these methods are hased on specific and limited climatic factors such as precipitation and temperature, So they have limitations in some situations.therefore, the present research has been done in order to achieve a specific thearetical framework for oletermining country's climate, as well as correst scientific fing planning day according to its local and natura " realities, as well as climate stullies.in this research paper, in order to introduce eind present a new climate classification system in accordance with the real climate of Iran, from the statistics of 325 synoptic weather stations belonging to the Iran Meteorological Organization, which are distributed among 31 provinces of the country, in the period (1370-1399) hos been usedFor this purpose and modification of existing methods. and also introducing a classification compatible with local weather conditions and observing the specific limits of global climate parameters from the classification methods of displacement-combination-adjustment-expansion-elimination of incompatible climate classification as well as the inversion of some used climate classes and analysis and analysisBased on this and based on comparing the performance and efficiency of valid and accepted climate systems by international authorities, 6 correction indicators including location, temperature, rainfall, dryness, sunny hours and temperature comfort range have been investigated, analyzed and described. After introducing the capabilities and how they work, the implementation of the new climate classification method for Iran has been implemented.The findings and achievements of this research show the innovations of determining the climate of a region, which is an example of Mehrabad meteorological station in Tehran in the initial period of 30 years, as follows.In Tehran, rainfall distribution is in the cold period of the year. This city has a semi-tropical annual climate with low temperature variations and hot summers and cold winters.In the following, the detailed information of this city has been prepared based on the analysis of the mentioned indicators and shows the following results:In terms of location:The city of Tehran, with global bioclimate index, is continental and with regional bioclimate border, it is located in dry land and semi-elevated plateau.In terms of temperature:This region has an annual subtropical climate with hot summers and semi-cold winters.In terms of rainfall:Tehran has about a quarter of the global average rainfall (average global rainfall is 580 mm) and the temporal distribution of rainfall in the cold period of the year, which is associated with the irregularity of annual rainfall.In terms of dryness:Tehran city has dry weather in 9 months of the year and wet weather in only 3 months of the year.In terms of sunny hours:Tehran has average solar radiation with the most sunny hours in August (11.2 hours) and the lowest sunny hours in February (5.7 hours).In terms of temperature comfort:The need for cooling and heating for human comfort is 1033 and 1460 degree days per year, respectively.

In this paper have been Presented the numerical classification method of Lityski. Then, this climatic classification method used to classifycation of 48 selected stations in IRAN. Numerical ability of this method is suitahle to used of spss suffer for Caculations and operations of classification. The results of used of this method in 48 selected stations show that: climatic Data of 48 selected station located in 38 climatic subtypes. this result shows that, relatively, climatic classes are too many. This very numbers of climatic types is due to ability of litynski classification method that can shows climatic detail, and also is due to extent and geographical position of IRAN.

IntroductionThe average weather condition in a specific region is defined as climate. The diversity of climatic variables is effective in determining the climate of a region and causes the formation of diverse and different climates. One of the effects of climate change is that causes an increase or decrease in a climate zone and, as a result, a shift in climate zones. Climate classification is an attempt to identify and recognize the differences and similarities of climate in different regions and to discover the relationships between different components of the climate system. Climate classification indicators are used to visualize current climate and quantify future changes in climate types as predicted by climate models. The studies conducted on these methods show that climatic variables affecting experimental methods such as temperature and precipitation should be considered effective variables in determining climatic boundaries in a new way. The De Martonne aridity index is an empirical index for climate classification based on two components, precipitation and temperature. Due to its high accuracy, and the use of variables that are more accessible and can be measured at most meteorological stations, De Martonne’s index has received more attention from researchers and has been used in many studies of climate change. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to evaluate the effects of climate change on the climatic classification of Iran. Materials and MethodsTo investigate the effects of climate change on the climatic classification of Iran, the De Martonne aridity index has been used. To show the effects of climate change in the past and the future on Iran's climate, data from 120 meteorological stations of Iran, which are distributed in different locations with different climates, were collected and analyzed in the statistical period of 1933-2022. The climatic condition of Iran in the base period was determined according to the De Martonne aridity index. In addition, to investigate the effects of climate change in the coming periods on the climatic classification of Iran, the data related to the output of the CanESM2 model, which is one of the CMIP5 models that is hybridized by the Canadian Center for Climate Modeling and Analysis (CCCMA) by combining CanCM4 and CTEM models, were used. To examine the changes in climatic classes of Iran under different scenarios and conditions, the output of two release scenarios, RCP2.6 and RCP8.5, were utilized. Due to the large-scale output of General Circulation Models (GCM), the output of this model was downscaled using the LARS-WG model. The LARS-WG model, which is considered one of the most famous and widely used models for downscaling weather data, was used to generate precipitation values, minimum and maximum temperatures, as well as daily radiation, under base and future climate conditions. Results and DiscussionAccording to the results, the majority of Iran (90.49%) has an arid and semi-arid climate. The percentage of arid climate is 68.82%, while that of semi-arid climate is 21.97%. Therefore, Iran should be called an arid and semi-arid country in terms of climate. By analysis of the effects of climate change indicates that in future periods, the precipitation and average temperature will increase. This increase will be greater under the RCP8.5 scenario than the RCP2.6 scenario. The study of the climatic classification of Iran in the coming periods indicates that the majority of the country will continue to experience arid and semi-arid climates. The sum of arid and semi-arid climates will reach its lowest level in the period of 2020-2041. This is following the RCP2.6 scenario, after which these climates are expected to expand once more. According to the RCP8.5 scenario, during the periods of 2021-2040, 2041-2060, and 2061-2080, the total area of arid and semi-arid climates will decrease. However, from 2081 to 2100, this trend will be reversed, increasing in these climates. According to the results of this research and according to the forecast, although according to different release scenarios, the difference in the area of different classes can be seen, in the future, arid and semi-arid climatic zones will still form the majority of Iran. ConclusionIn this research, by using the latest available data, Iran's climate is classified by the De Martonne aridity index, and then the changes in Iran's climate classes under the effects of climate change in the future periods, according to the output of the CanESM2 model from the CMIP5 modes, which is downscaled using the LARS-WG model. It has been investigated according to two emission scenarios, RCP2.6 and RCP8.5. The results indicated that the arid climate with 68.82% and the semi-arid climate with 21.97% constitute the largest area of Iran. The remaining climatic classes collectively comprise less than 10% of Iran's area. Therefore, Iran should be called an arid and semi-arid country in terms of climate. Investigating the effects of climate change on precipitation and temperature showed that both precipitation and average temperature will increase in future periods. However, the increase in both variables will be greater under the RCP8.5 scenario. The study of the climatic classification of Iran in the coming periods indicates that the majority of the country will continue to experience arid and semi-arid climates. The findings of this study indicate the necessity of addressing the issue of climate change and the importance of involving experts and macro planners in the analysis of the effects of climate change. It is suggested to use the output of other GCM models in future research due to the uncertainty of climate scenarios. Also, the use of diverse climate classification methods that incorporate other variables is suggested for more precise identification of climate characteristics

Climatic geomorphology or the climatic morphology, cognition of the earth's surface, reviews the recognition of landforms affected by climate elements and factors. This branch of geomorphology concentrates on the distribution of landforms in relation to divisions of climatic regions on the surface of the earth. Yet, there have been no specific and detailed studies on automat classification of territorial units or regional morph climatic in Iran. In this research, the morph climatic regions of Kermanshah province were identified and classified by employing Gis-based cluster analysis technique (Iso cluster) and also using seven topo-climatic parameters (including: elevation, slope, annual precipitation, the average minimum Iran. temperature, absolute minimum temperature, number of days with temperatures below zero and the average annual temperature), as a result, five morph climatic regions and seven macro geomorphologic units have been identified. these areas include: Arid morph climatic zone (fluvial/aeolian), Semi-Arid (fluvial/slope movements), Semi- Arid (Pedimentation/fluvial), Cold (preglacial/fluvial), Very Cold (nivation/preglacial/Karstification).most area about 45% is related to Semi-Arid zone (Pedimentation/fluvial) and lowest area with 3.65% is related to Very Cold zone in Kermanshah province. Despite the capabilities of GIS and the model used automat methods for morph climatic classification have yet to be developed in Iran.

The upcoming study investigates the design and use of vertical-axis wind turbines for power extraction in Chahnimeha, Zabol. In Sistan and Baluchestan provinces, due to the vastness and climatic barriers, the use of renewable energy can greatly contribute to the well-being of people. Using the meteorological data of this province, the average wind speed in the Chahnime region is estimated at 6.4 m/s. At first, 4 airfoils with the highest lift-to-drag coefficient have been selected and studied for wind turbine design. By choosing the best airfoil among the four examined ones, a wind turbine with 3 different blade sizes and rotor radius was designed. The wind turbine, which is designed with a blade length of 3 meters and a rotor radius of 1.5 m, has the best performance. The vertical axis wind turbine has been investigated in 4 models with 3, 5, 7, and 9 blades. The power factor of the 3-bladed turbine is equal to 0.30, and of the 7-bladed wind turbine is equal to 0.45. Among the examined wind turbines, the best wind turbine with 7 blades was chosen. The reduction of wind speed before the blades is influenced by the solidity of the wind turbine. The study of wind turbine exergy was used to investigate the environmental effects such as humidity and temperature on the performance of wind turbines in the climatic region of Zabol. The exergy efficiency of the designed 3-blade and 7-blade wind turbine is equal to 45 and 75%, which shows the effect of temperature and relative humidity on the wind turbine efficiency in a climate region. The results of this study clearly show that it is possible to use a 7-blade vertical axis wind turbine to provide electricity to areas far from the grid and to produce scattered.

In this research, climates of Northwest of Iran have been zoning by make used of Geographical Information System (GIS) software (Arc info & Arc view) and utilized numerical ability of Litynski climatic classification method. First, isopleths for each climatic factor on the bases of Litynski method by Arc info, Arc View and SPSS software were calculated. Then every climatic factors classifed based on defined classes in used method. Finally were extracted six climatic maps. The results show there are 21 climatic subtypes in Northwest of Iran. The statistical mode of climatic zones is 221132-10 class that its areas is 267 km2 or 25.4% of total areas.

Recognition the climatic potential of the regions for planting the horticultural crops is the first step in agricultural planning. In order to achieve this goal, one of the most important tools is to use agro-climatic classification methods. In this research, the Papadakis classification method was used which has a high level of accuracy due to the presence of 440 climatic subgroups and the emphasis on ecological characteristics. Initially, 10 synoptic weather stations were selected with a common statistical period of 23 years (1994-2016) due to the continuity of statistical data. It should be mentioned that each weather station was represented the climate condition of each city and the stations were classified according to the climatic indices of the Papadakis method. The results of the study showed that three stations namely Abadan, Bostan and Mahshahr port had a hot sub-tropical climate which is highly suitable for planting tropical crops. In addition, Aghajari, Ahvaz, Behbahan and Ramhormoz regions, due to the sub-tropical semi-arid Mediterranean climate, and also in Izeh, Safi Abad and Masjed Soleiman regions because of the sub-tropical semi-arid Mediterranean climate, are suitable for planting various types of cold season temperate fruits, citrus and early and late season vegetables.